Reader's Response - Draft 2
In the article, “Five years since Paris Agreement, world must get
ambitious on climate action”, Sharma (2020) addressed the world’s efforts to
reduce the existing effects of climate change at the global Climate Ambition
Summit. As of the fifth year of the Paris Agreement, Sharma noted that a
total of 75 leaders had committed to include net-zero energy, nationally
determined contributions (NDCs), adaptations and resilience in their plans.
Amongst the submitted revised plans for climate action, he highlighted that the
UK government will stop providing new support to the overseas fossil fuel
energy sector. He also mentioned that Singapore intends to invest in
environment centric projects with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s encouragement
for a global climate change coalition. In addition, Sharma emphasised that a
significant change in ambition is necessary to tackle climate change. Thus,
improvements must be made by world leaders; increased international resolve and
partnership. Sharma (2020) concluded that the progress on vaccines has proven
that nothing is impossible if everyone works together to combat climate change.
In my opinion, fossil fuels should not be rendered obsolete in a
green world because they are still essential in the production and maintenance
of sustainable practices. In the transition to a sustainable world, lithium-ion
battery powered electric vehicles will replace petrol vehicles to reduce carbon
emissions. Fossil fuels are essential for the production of these lithium-ion
batteries.
Firstly, fossil fuels are necessary as a raw material to mine lithium.
Despite the availability of solar energy to produce lithium-ion batteries, there
is no available method of sourcing for lithium sustainably. For instance, Tesla
Inc. being one of the biggest electric car manufacturer, built a solar powered
factory to produce lithium-ion batteries (Andrews, 2018). However, Tesla were
only able to do so because China’s Yahua Industrial Group Co Ltd has been
supplying the electric car manufacturer battery-grade lithium hydroxide (Daly,
2020).
Lithium is mined in many countries such as Australia, Chile and
Argentina. Chile and Argentina get their lithium from salt deserts while
Australia gets their lithium from mineral ore. Most lithium extraction requires
some mining to reach underground deposits of lithium-rich minerals or brines
and sometimes sent to China for processing in a more energy intensive cycle
after extraction. Hard rock mining requires lots of electricity which are
generated from coal. According to Early (2020), new method of extracting
lithium from geothermal waters has lesser environment impact than conventional
method, but during the transition, fossil fuels are still required.
Secondly, the transportation of
lithium-ion batteries from production and to recycling via petrol vehicles requires
fossil fuels. For instance, the only way to transport lithium from China to the
United States is by cargo vessels. Currently, there are no electrical powered
ships that can handle the distance, and the shipment of large volumes of
lithium-ion batteries. The used batteries have to be transported around the
world to be recycled due to its complexity, for example, Australia to Europe. Therefore,
fossil fuels power the transportations utilised in the movement of lithium-ion
battery orders, whether by ships or trucks.
Lastly, the recycling plants
that lithium-ion batteries are sent to be processed rely heavily on the usage
of fossil fuels. More than 90% of the lead-acid batteries used in petrol
vehicles are recycled, compared to only 5% of the lithium-ion batteries used.
The remaining will either be thrown into landfills or incinerated (Goncalves
2018). According to Jacoby (2019), these batteries gets recycled by undergoing
“high temperature melting-and-extraction, or smelting” which are similar to the
ones used in the mining industry. These huge recycling facilities globally are
energy consuming, which require lots of fossil fuels. Hence, fossil fuels power
the recycling plants that allow sustainable recycling to continue.
In conclusion, fossil fuels
remain as a fundamental instrument to power greener alternatives in a bid to
create a sustainable planet. It is admissible the usage of fossil fuels emits
carbon but it is the same fossil fuels that are instrumental in producing
greener solutions. Until we find greener sustainable alternatives for it, fossil
fuels are definitely vital for our societies to function.
References
Andrews, R. (2018, December 12). Powering the Tesla Gigafactory. Energy Matters. https://euanmearns.com/powering-the-tesla-gigafactory/
Daly, T. (2020, December 29). China's Yahua agrees five-year deal to
supply lithium to Tesla, Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yahua-group-electric-tesla-lithium-idUSKBN293132
Early, C. (2020, November 25). The new ‘gold rush’ for green lithium. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201124-how-geothermal-lithium-could-revolutionise-green-energy
Goncalves, A. (2018, September 25). Are electric cars really greener? Youmatter. https://youmatter.world/en/are-electric-cars-eco-friendly-and-zero-emission-vehicles-26440/
Jacoby, M. (2019, July 14). It’s time to get serious about recycling
lithium-ion batteries. Chemical
& Engineering News. https://cen.acs.org/materials/energy-storage/time-serious-recycling-lithium/97/i28
Sharma, A. (2020, December 20). Commentary: Five years since Paris
Agreement, word must get ambitious on climate action. Channel News Asia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/uncop26-climate-change- commitment-net-zero-clean-energy-uk-13798700
We will talk about this draft soon, Zheng Hao, but in the meantime, I want you to look at your summary and then look at your thesis. There's a broad gap in terms of the thematic focus between the two. How can the thesis, focusing on fossil fuels, and the last sentence of the summary, which discusses partnerships, be bridged? Ask yourself how even the fuel industry, and one involving either fossil or non-fossil fuels, requires partnerships. In order to segue into your thesis, you need need a transitional sentence. Once you consider the necessity of that, imagine creating a sentence that does exactly that.
ReplyDeleteLet's talk.